State of the Environment and Development in the Mediterranean - 2009
How does the climate evolve in the Mediterranean? Are water resources enough in the Mediterranean region? Are Mediterranean marine species threatened? Are we making progress towards a reduction of pollution from industrial sources? Is there a problem of eutrophication in the Mediterranean?
Here are some questions that the report State of the environment and development in the Mediterranean 2009 just released by UNEP/MAP-Plan Bleu attempts to provide answers.
The report, led and coordinated by the Plan Bleu is a pilot exercise which mobilized all MAP components to build, on the basis of existing knowledge and information, a picture of the major issues in the Mediterranean in terms of environment and sustainable development. Formulated around a hundred simple questions, this report delivers a mixed picture of the Mediterranean with a share of visible progress in the field of marine pollution, conservation of biodiversity, and secondly the need to deploy additional efforts to better manage scarce natural resources, like water and energy, and taking into account the effects of climate change.
This report was officially presented at the 16th meeting of the Contracting Parties to the Barcelona Convention, November 3, 2009 in Marrakech.
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| Acknowledgements ......................................................................... 5 Foreword........................................................................................ 7 Executive summary ......................................................................... 9 Introduction .................................................................................. 17 |
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| 1 Climate Change ......................................................................... 21 | |
| 2 Resources and Natural Environment Water .......................................................................................... 37 Energy ......................................................................................... 45 Marine Ecosystems ........................................................................ 53 Natural Terrestrial Ecosystems ......................................................... 61 |
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| 3 Spatial Dynamics Coastal Zones .............................................................................. 69 Urban Areas ................................................................................. 79 |
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| 4 Economic Activities and Development Sustainability Agriculture .................................................................................... 87 Fisheries and Aquaculture ............................................................... 93 Tourism ........................................................................................ 99 Transport .................................................................................... 105 Industrial Development and Environment ........................................ 115 |
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| 5 Environment Protection Introduction: pollutions, impacts and responses .............................. 123 Pollution...................................................................................... 125 Waste ........................................................................................ 139 Sanitation ................................................................................... 145 Health Issues .............................................................................. 151 Marine Biological Invasions ........................................................... 155 |
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| Conclusion .................................................................................. 163 6 Statistical Annex ....................................................................... 167 Acronyms and Abbreviations .......................................................... 197 |
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